Acute total hip arthroplasty for older patients with acetabular fractures: A meta-analysis

ObjectiveMultiple treatment options for acetabular fractures in geriatric patients exist. However, no large-scale studies have reported the outcomes of acute total hip arthroplasty (THA) in this patient population. We systematically evaluated all available evidence to characterize clinical outcomes, complications, and revisions of acute THA for acetabular fractures in geriatric patients.MethodsMeta-analysis of 21 studies of 430 acetabular fractures with mean follow-up of 44 months (range, 17−97 months). Two independent researchers searched and evaluated the databases of Ovid, Embase, and United States National Library of Medicine using a Boolean search string up to December 2019. Population demographics and complications, including presence of heterotopic ossification (HO), dislocation, infection, revision rate, neurological deficits, and venous thromboembolic event (VTE), were recorded and analyzed.ResultsWeighted mean Harris Hip Score was 83.3 points, and 20% of the patients had reported complications. The most common complication was HO, with a rate of 19.5%. Brooker grade III and IV HO rates were lower at 6.8%. Hip dislocation occurred at a rate of 6.1%, 4.1% of patients developed VTE, deep infection occurred in 3.8%, and neurological complications occurred in 1.9%. Although the revision rate was described in most studies, we were unable to perform a survival analysis because the time to each revision was described in only a few studies. The revision rate was 4.3%.ConclusionsAcute THA is a viable option for treatment of acetabular fracture and can result in acceptable clinical outcomes and survivorship rates in older patients but with an associated complication rate of approximately 20%. Considering the limited treatment options, THA might be a viable alternative for appropriately selected patients.     

三个统一:21世纪中医学发展取向的思考

21世纪中医学的发展，面临着理顺民族性表述方式与国际性科学内涵关系的问题，因此必须辩证地把握结构与机能、实证科学手段与人文精神、过程与结果之间的谐调统一，这样既符合中医学术体系特征，又能与当代生命科学研究保持一致。     

Mammalian response to subdermal implantation of textured microimplants

The development of small, textured implant particles suspended in a hydrogel has allowed for subdermal injection therapy to fill tissue defects. The microimplant particles were placed subdermally into the ears of white New Zealand rabbits in order to characterize the foreign body response and the permanence of the implant. Serial micrometer readings were performed on the implant sites to determine any change in thickness of the augmentation following baseline measurement. An initial increase in the thickness was noted approximately 20–30 days postimplantation, as expected. A stable thickness was noted for the remainder of the experiment. Serial histological sections were performed at irregular intervals from one week to one year. Histology demonstrated a mild foreign body response with collagen surrounding each individual microimplant particle. The response was stable after 30–40 days and has remained stable for over one year. It was determined that the histology demonstrated a Boros IA type, or nonimmunogenic, low-turnover foreign body reaction.     

Anticonvulsant Activities of 4–Bromobenzaldehyde Semicarbazone

Summary: Some of the properties of 4–bromobenzalde-hyde semicarbazone (compound IV), a prototype molecule of a new class of anticonvulsants, aryl semicarbazones, are described. Compound IV demonstrated activity in the maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ) tests in mice, with low neurotoxicity. When given orally to rats, it displayed high potency in the MES test and very low neurotoxicity, resulting in a high protective index (PI). Compound IV displayed no proconvulsant properties, and development of rapid tolerance was not noted. When administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at doses of 100, 300, or 600 mg/kg to rats, compound IV had no effect on levels of γ-aminobu-tyric acid (GABA) or on GABA-T activity in whole brain. When tested in vitro, compound IV had no effect on rat brain GABA-T at a drug concentration of 100 μM. Although the activities of certain drug-metabolizing enzymes were increased after oral administration of compound IV to rats, these effects were less prominent than those of phenytoin (PHT) and carbamazepine (CBZ). The principal mode of action of compound IV does not appear to be an interaction with the GABA_A receptor complex, and other mechanisms, involving excitatory amino acid neurotransmission, will have to be considered in future investigations of the anticonvulsant activity of this compound.     

明代《伤寒论》研究对后世的影响

系统研究了明代《伤寒论》文献,指出明代《伤寒论》研究对后世的影响,主要表现在温病学说直接受其催化而趋于成熟,明刻本《伤寒论》为后世提供了研究依据,重编整理导致了后世编次方法之多样,学术论争深化了后世的《伤寒论》研究。认为明代是《伤寒论》研究史上承前启后的重要时期,明代的《伤寒论》研究影响并规定了清代乃至近代的《伤寒论》研究模式和水平。     

Diabetic retinopathy in a black population: the Barbados Eye Study.

OBJECTIVE: The distribution of diabetic retinopathy in black populations is largely unknown. The authors present retinopathy data from the predominately black participants of the Barbados Eye Study (BES). DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Prevalence study of 4631 participants based on a random sample of the Barbados population 40 to 84 years of age (84% participation). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diabetes was defined as self-reported history of physician-diagnosed diabetes or glycosylated hemoglobin greater than 10% (>2 standard deviations above the population mean of persons without a diabetes history). Retinopathy was assessed by independent gradings of 30 degrees color stereo fundus photographs of the disc and macula. RESULTS: Diabetes was present in 19.4% of black (n = 4314), 15.2% of mixed (black and white; n = 184), and 7.5% of white/other (n = 133) self-reported racial groups. In the black/mixed population, regardless of diabetes status, the prevalence of retinopathy was 5.9%. In the 636 black and mixed participants with diabetes, the prevalence of retinopathy was 28.5%: 19.8% had minimum changes, 7.7% had moderate changes, and 0.9% had severe retinopathy. Clinically significant macular edema (CSME) was found in 8.6% of those with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: In the population of African origin, approximately 1 in 17 persons had retinopathy. Among those with diabetes, 28.5% had retinopathy and 8.6% had CSME. These results highlight the clinical and public health relevance of diabetic retinopathy in the black population.     

Comparison of renal function and psychomotor performance in workers exposed to elemental mercury

Summary Renal function and psychomotor performance (eye-hand coordination, arm-hand steadiness) of a group of 43 workers exposed to mercury vapor were examined. Their mean age and average duration of exposure to mercury were 38 and 5 years, respectively. The results were compared with those obtained in a matched group of 47 control workers. Increased proteinuria and albuminuria were found slightly more prevalent in the Hg-exposed group than in the control workers. These results are in agreement with those found during a previous study carried out in another group of workers also exposed to elemental mercury (Bucket et al. 1980). The scores of the psychomotor tests were less satisfactory in the Hg workers than in the control workers, the arm-hand steadiness test being more discriminative than the eye-hand coordination test. Preclinical changes in psychomotor function can be detected independently of the presence of signs of renal dysfunction. No clear-cut relationships were found between the prevalence of abnormal psychomotor scores and the level of mercury in blood (HgB) or in urine (HgU). Increased prevalences of abnormal psychomotor scores seem however to occur for HgB between 1 and 2 g/100 ml and for HgU between 50 and 100 g/g creatinine. Therefore, a biologic threshold limit value of 50 g/g creatinine is proposed for urinary mercury to prevent the development of preclinical effects on the central nervous system. A similar critical HgU level based on renal dysfunction prevalences has been suggested in a previous study.This study was supported by a grant from the Commission of the European Communities     

湖南省学生1995年和2000年肺活量抽样调查分析

目的了解湖南省学生呼吸功能发育状况,探讨其变化趋势.方法于1995年和2000年在湖南省的长沙市、常德市、衡阳市和湘西自治州采用整群分层抽样和统一调查、检测方法,对学生体质健康状况调查,采用U检验对调查资料按年度、年龄、性别和城乡比较分析.结果从肺活量(ml)和肺活量指数(ml/kg)进行统计分析的结果显示,总体水平低于全国平均水平,1995年未达到全国平均水平的城乡男女年龄组有36个,2000年则增至38个;2000年与1995年进行肺活量指数比较,城乡男女共有33个年龄组下降;另外还呈现出城市高于农村,男生大于女生的特点.结论湖南省学生肺活量在全国处较低水平,且城乡男女多数年龄组呈现下降趋势,并有较明显的城乡差异和性别差异.     

吸烟和体质指数与肺癌发病的前瞻性研究

目的探讨吸烟和不同体质指数(BMI)水平对肺癌发病的影响。方法1974、1979和1980年,经统一培训的调查人员采用问卷形式对北京首都钢铁公司5137名年龄≥18岁男性工人进行心血管疾病基线调查,于1982、1987、1993和2001年随访,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析吸烟和不同BM I水平与肺癌发病的关系。结果以1974、1979和1980年资料作为基线,进入队列950、1163和3024人,共5137人。以肺癌发病作为观察终点,共随访了103715人.a,实际随访4986人,失访151人,每个观察对象平均随访20.8a,随访率97.06%。此期间发生肺癌106人,其中97人已死亡,肺癌发病率为102.2/10万人.a。肺癌组年龄、吸烟率、饮酒率均高于非肺癌组,BM I低于非肺癌组,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。调整了年龄等因素后,大量吸烟可增加患肺癌的相对危险度(RR),差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。随着BM I的增加,肺癌发病率逐渐降低。调整年龄等因素后,吸烟工人中的肺癌发病RR随BM I升高顺序依次为1.00,0.57和0.33;剔除随访5a新发的10名肺癌患者后,吸烟工人的肺癌发病RR依次为1.00,0.52和0.33,均呈随BM I增加而发病危险降低的趋势,但差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。工人按吸烟与否和不同BM I分组,经调整年龄、饮酒情况后,以吸烟+低体重组为参照,不吸烟+正常体重组、不吸烟+超重和肥胖组、吸烟+正常体重组与吸烟+超重和肥胖组肺癌发病R R分别为0.25(95%CI:0.08～0.84,P<0.05),0.16(95%CI:0.04～0.74,P<0.05),0.45(95%CI:0.46～1.24,P>0.05)和0.23(95%CI:0.07～0.77,P<0.05)。结论吸烟和低体重人群增加肺癌发病危险,戒烟和保持正常体重是预防肺癌的重要措施。     

针刺治疗声带小结及计算机声学测定疗效评价

目的:评价针刺开音1号穴治疗声带小结的疗效.方法:将80例患者随机分为针刺组(40例)、中药组(20例)、西药组(20例).针刺组针刺开音1号穴为主;中药组口服金嗓散结丸;西药组采用抗生素、激素类药物雾化吸入.观察3组疗效及治疗前后嗓音学参数.结果:针刺组总有效率为92.5%,优于中药组(85.0%)与西药组(85.0%),差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01);在改善嗓音学方面,针刺组亦优于其他两组(均P<0.01).结论:针刺开音1号穴治疗声带小结疗效确切.